A combination of factors – increased global competition, regulatory changes, fast changing technology, need for faster growth and industry excess capacity – has fuelled mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in recent times. The M&A phenomenon have been noticeable not only in developed markets like the US, Europe and Japan but also in emerging markets like India. In 1998, worldwide mergers and acquisitions were valued at .4 trillion. In 1999, this figure increased to .4 trillion. In 2000, the pace seemed to slow down, with only the Glaxo Wellcome – SmithKline Beecham merger valued at over billion. However, the total value of the deals worldwide crossed .5 trillion. Much of this activity took place in the first half of 2000. The recent merger proposal by HP and Compaq is a clear indication that merger mania is well and truly alive.
Like capacity expansion, vertical integration and diversification, a large merger or an acquisition is a strategic move since it can make or break a company. However, mergers and acquisitions involve unique challenges such as the valuation of the company being acquired and integration of the pre merger entities. Valuation is a subjective matter, involving several assumptions. Integration of the pre-merger entities is a demanding task and has to be managed skillfully. So, it makes sense to devote a separate chapter to cover the risks associated with acquisitions and how to manage them.