The theme of language in relation to science can be developed in different ways. An interesting and potentially useful thematization is through the idea of translation.

The notion of translation occurs sporadically in philosophy of science, but much of this literature merely glosses over the issue of translation. Even where translation is explicitly invoked, it is mostly understood in terms of what is usually called the naïve view of translation. Such an approach does not do justice to the philosophical complexity inherent in the idea of translation. It is by paying heed to the complexities inherent in the ‘idea’ of translation, which one realizes the intrinsic link between science and translation. Similar to the suspicion which science has towards language, language itself harbors a suspicion towards translation. This has contributed to the view that translation is essentially a secondary activity, derivative and dependent on the idea of an original text. As much as the scientific discourse likes to believe that it can distill ideas outside the purview of language, so does the naïve view of translation believe that translations only change the language of the text but continue to keep its ‘essence’ intact. These beliefs reinforce the naïve view of translation, which, according to Andrew Benjamin (1989: 60), has ‘two dimensions’:

First it involves the idea of recovery; of the recovery of a meaning, or truth, and the subsequent re-expression of what has been recovered. Second this understanding of translation also involves the idea of free exchange; of an unmediated and unrestrained economy in which signifiers are the object of exchange.  

Product development is the process of designing, building, operating, and maintaining a good or service. Software and Internet companies use a product development process to ensure that they are not just manufacturing a technology, but creating a product that people will want to buy and continue to use. To be sure, a base technology is at the heart of the product, but product development ensures that the customer’s voice is not lost in the rush to an exciting technology. Product development adds things like pricing, marketing, and customer support to the technology to create a complete product.

Without a product management philosophy and discipline, an IT organization becomes focused on the technology instead of the customers and is often organized along technology lines rather than in ways that benefit the customer. Ultimately, an IT organization must serve its customers or it will go out of business, either because the customers go away or because they complain to executive management until the organization is changed.

Assalamaleykum Arahmatullahi va Barakatu, may the peace & blessings of Allah be upon all of you. Welcome back to the proof that Islam is the Truth. And we’ve been talking about some of the amazing miracles of the Quran & the scientific miracles, those facts that can be found in the Quran, that leave us awe-struck. How could this information be in a book 1400 years old? And we were looking at those verses in the Quran concerning the development of the human foetus in the womb & we were also reading a Hadeeth of the Prophet Muhammad may Allah’s peace & blessings be upon him.

When the Prophet Muhammad mentioned that the 42 nights have passed over the conceptus Allah sends an angel to it who shapes it, makes it ears & eyes & skin & flesh & bones & then he says: “Oh, Lord, is it a male or a female?” And your Lord decides what he wishes & an angel records it. So it is at the 42nd day or just after the 40th day that it only then becomes identifiable. And this is a fact. This is a scientific fact. And it’s very interesting, it’s true also that the Prophet Muhammad may God’s peace & blessings be upon him mentioned that there are some things that the knowledge of it is only known to Allah Subhana Wa Ta Allah.